Early Pandyan Government

I want to introduct something about LED Lamp,LED Chain,Light,Bulb,Lamp,Xmas,Christmas, (XM006). LED Lamp,LED Chain,Light,Bulb,Lamp,Xmas,Christmas, (XM006) Part of a series onHistory of Tamil NaduChronology of Tamil historySangam periodSourcesGovernment EconomySociety Religion MusicEarly Cholas Early PandyansMedieval historyPallavasPandyasChola DynastyChera DynastyVijayanagara EmpireMadurai NayaksTanjore NayaksThanjavur MarathasThis box: view?talk?editThe Early Pandyas were one of the dynasties that ruled the ancient Tamil country from the pre-Christian era to about 200 CE. Most of the information about the administration and government under the early Pandyas comes to use through Sangam literature.Contents1 The King and his court 2 Administration 3 Judicial system 4 Military and Warfare 5 Revenue and expenditure 6 References 7 Notes // The King and his courtThe head of the Government was the king, a hereditary monarch, who ruled with unaided discretion. The ascension to the throne was normally hereditary, sometimes through usurpation and occasionally based on unusual methods of choosing a king such as sending out the royal elephant to select a person of its choice by garlanding them. The king could be crowned at any age and reigned as long as he chose to or lived. He was highly revered by his subjects and was even equated to God. The king, in turn, had onerous duties towards his subjects and was held responsible for any misfortune that befell them. The dynastic emblem of the Pandyas was the double carp, which was used for all official purposes of royal authentication. Coins issued by the kings, seals on letters as well as exported and imported cargo stocked in the ware houses at ports bore this emblem.The king court consisted of royal officers like the ministers, generals, commanders and accountants. His power was restricted by the Aimberunguzhu (Tamil: ?????????????) or the Five Great Assemblies. They consisted of the representatives of the people, priests, physicians, astrologers and the ministers. The council of representatives (Maasanam, Tamil: ??????) safeguarded the rights and privileges of the people; the priests (Paarpar, Tamil: ??????????) directed all religious ceremonies; the physicians (Maruthar, Tamil: ????????) attended to all matters affecting the health of the king and his subjects; the astrologers (Nimithar, Tamil: ?????????) fixed auspicious times for public ceremonies and predicted important events; the ministers (Amaichar, Tamil: ????????) attended to the collection of revenue and expenditure and also the administration of justice. There was another assembly of officials that served the king called the Enberaayam (Tamil: ??????????) or the Eight Groups of Attendants. While some scholars believe it consisted of attendants on the king person like the perfumers, dressing valets, etc., others believe it consisted of more important persons like the people of the capital city, the leaders of the elephant corps and of the cavalry. The principal officers of State were the high priest, the chief astrologer, the ministers and the commanders of the army.AdministrationThe king divided his territory into a number of administrative units or principalities, each called a Koorram (Tamil: ???????). A Koorram was further divided into provinces called Mandalam, which in turn was divided into many sub-provinces called Nadus, with each Nadu consisting of many villages. A locality inside a town or village was called Ur and each neighborhood inside an Ur was called a Cheri. While the king ruled over his entire territory from the capital, he often placed one or more principalities (Koorram) under the near-sovereign government of some senior member of the royal family or a feudatary. The Cilappatikaram mentions that while Nedunj Cheliyan I ruled from Madurai, his younger brother was placed in charge of the Korkai principality. The villages that come under a principality, were each governed by the elders in the respective villages, almost autonomously. This arrangement can be roughly equated to a central government (the king), under which operated a set of feudal governments (the principalities), which in turn oversaw the local governments (the villages).Madurai, the capital city from which the king ran the central government, was large, populous and prosperous. It had a simple police and sanitation system wherein the watchmen walked the streets, lamp in hand. The streets were kept clean by fresh sand being laid, thereon. Separate cheris existed for different sections of the society like the priests, merchants etc. Hospitals and educational institutions were setup by royal order or the philanthropy of the wealthy.The village was the most fundamental unit of administration under the Pandyas. The affairs of a village were the responsibility of its elders, who were not elected but were recognized and appointed based on...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about glass kerosene lamps, LED Desk Lamp, . The LED Lamp,LED Chain,Light,Bulb,Lamp,Xmas,Christmas, (XM006) products should be show more here!