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Debian package
The GNOME icon for deb files
Filename extension
.deb
Internet media type
application/x-deb
Developed by
Debian
Type of format
Package management system
Container for
Software package

Gdebi installing a .deb package
deb is the extension of the Debian software package format and the most often used name for such binary packages. Like the "Deb" part of the term Debian, it originates from the name of Debra, then girlfriend and now ex-wife of Debian's founder Ian Murdock.
Debian packages are also used in distributions based on Debian, such as Ubuntu.
Debian packages are standard Unix ar archives that include two gzipped or bzipped tar archives: one that holds the control information and another that contains the data.
The canonical program for handling these packages is dpkg, most commonly via apt/aptitude.
deb packages can be converted into other packages and vice versa using alien.
Some core Debian packages are available as udebs (icro debs), and are typically used only for bootstrapping a Debian installation. Although these files use the udeb filename extension, they adhere to the same structure specification as ordinary deb files. However, unlike their deb counterparts, udeb packages contain only essential functional files. In particular, documentation files are normally omitted. udeb packages are not installable on a standard Debian system.
Implementation
Since Debian 0.93, a deb file is implemented as an ar archive. Canonical contents of this archive are three files:
debian-binary: deb format version number. This is "2.0" for current versions of Debian
control.tar.gz: all package meta-information
data.tar or data.tar.gz or data.tar.bz2 or data.tar.lzma: the actual installable files
See also
List of archive formats
Debian
Getdeb
dpkg
RPM Package Manager
CheckInstall
Debian Package Maker
Deb Creator
External links
Debian FAQ: Basics of the Debian package management system
Article on what to do with deb files
JDeb Cross platform Ant task and Maven plugin to build Debian packages.
ant-deb-task An Ant task that allows you to create Debian .deb packages on any platform where Java is available.
How to create / manipulate a .deb file of a compiled application
How to make deb packages
Debian Binary Package Building HOWTO

v?d?eDebian
Infrastructure
Debian Manifesto DebConf Software in the Public Interest Debian Free Software Guidelines Debian Social Contract Alioth
Software
deb format dpkg APT aptitude debconf package Debian-Installer Rebranded Mozilla software Alien Jigdo dash cdrkit
Variants
Debian GNU/Hurd Debian GNU/kFreeBSD Custom Debian Distribution
Leaders
Ian Murdock Bruce Perens Ian Jackson Wichert Akkerman Ben Collins Bdale Garbee Martin Michlmayr Branden Robinson Anthony Towns Sam Hocevar Steve McIntyre

v?d?eArchive formats (comparison by type)
Archiving only
ar cpio shar tar LBR
Compression only
bzip2 gzip LZMA SQ compress
Archiving and compression
7z ACE ARC Cabinet cpt DGCA .dmg GCA kgb LHA LZX RAR qda sit SQX zoo ZIP
Software packaging and distribution
deb pkg RPM MSI JAR (WAR RAR (Java) EAR)
Categories: Debian | Archive formats | Dpkg(and so on)