Monday, May 4, 2009

Trompe-l'?il

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The interiors of Jesuit churches in the 16th and 17th-century mannerist and Baroque styles often include such trompe-l'?il ceiling paintings, which optically "open" the ceiling or dome to the heavens with a depiction of Jesus', Mary's, or a saint's ascension or assumption. For example, this trompe l'oeil dome in the Jesuit church, Vienna, by Andrea Pozzo is only slightly curved but gives the impression of true architecture.
Trompe-l'?il, which can also be spelled without the hyphen in English,[1] (French: "trick the eye", IPA:[t???p l?j]) is an art technique involving extremely realistic imagery in order to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects appear in three-dimensions, instead of actually being a two-dimensional painting.
Contents
1 History in painting
2 In other artforms
3 Trivia
4 Examples of trompe-l'?il paintings
5 Examples of trompe-l'?il murals
6 Trompe-l'?il artists
7 Usage in films
8 Video games
9 See also
10 Notes
11 External links
//
History in painting

Escaping Criticism by Pere Borrell del Caso, 1874
Although the phrase has its origin in the Baroque period, when it refers to perspectival illusionism, use of trompe-l'?il dates back much further. It was (and is) often employed in murals. Instances from Greek and Roman times are known, for instance in Pompeii. A typical trompe-l'?il mural might depict a window, door, or hallway, intended to suggest a larger room.
A version of an oft-told ancient Greek story concerns a contest between two renowned painters. Zeuxis produced a still life painting so convincing, that birds flew down from the sky to peck at the painted grapes. He then asked his rival, Parrhasius, to pull back a pair of very tattered curtains in order to judge the painting behind them. Parrhasius won the contest, as his painting was of the curtains themselves.
With the superior understanding of perspective drawing achieved in the Renaissance, Italian painters of the late Quattrocento such as Andrea Mantegna and Melozzo da Forl began painting illusionistic ceiling paintings, generally in fresco, that employed perspective and techniques such as foreshortening in order to give the impression of greater space to the viewer below. This type of trompe l'?il illusionism as specifically applied to ceiling paintings is known as di sotto in s, meaning from below, upward in Italian. The elements above the viewer are rendered as if viewed from true vanishing point perspective. Well-known examples are the Camera degli Sposi in Mantua and Antonio da Correggio's Assumption of the Virgin in the Duomo of Parma.
Similarly, Vittorio Carpaccio and Jacopo de' Barbari added small trompe-l'?il features to their paintings, playfully exploring the boundary between image and reality. For example, a fly might appear to be sitting on the painting's frame, or a curtain might appear to partly conceal the painting, a piece of paper might appear to be attached to a board, or a person might appear to be climbing out of the painting altogetherll in reference to the contest of Zeuxis and Parrhasius.
Perspective theories in the 17th-century allowed a more fully integrated approach to architectural illusion, which when used by painters to "open up" the space of a wall or ceiling is known as quadratura. Examples include Pietro da Cortona's Allegory of Divine Providence in the Palazzo Barberini and Andrea Pozzo's Apotheosis of St Ignatius [4] on the ceiling of the Roman church of Sant'Ignazio. A fanciful form of architectural Trompe-l'?il is known as quodlibet which features realistically rendered paintings of such items as paper-knives, playing-cards, ribbons and scissors, apparently accidentally left lying around, painted on walls.[2]

A Bachelor's Drawer by John Haberle (189094)
Trompe-l'?il can also be found painted on tables and other items of furniture, on which, for example, a deck of playing cards might appear to be sitting on the table. A particularly impressive example can be seen at Chatsworth House in Derbyshire, where one of the internal doors appears to have a violin and bow suspended from it, in a trompe l'?il painted around 1723 by Jan van der Vaart [1]. The American 19th century still-life painter William Harnett specialized in trompe-l'?il. In the 20th century, from the 1960s on, the American Richard Haas and many others painted large trompe-l'?il murals on the sides of city buildings, and trompe-l'?il became increasingly popular for interior murals.
In other artforms

Cover of Body Painting: Masterpieces By Joanne Gair featuring Demi Moore
Trompe-l'?il is employed in Donald O'Connor's famous "Running up the wall" scene in the film Singin' in the Rain. During the finale of his "Make 'em Laugh" number he first runs up a real wall. Then he runs...(and so on)

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